Cartilage and bone defects in joints resulting from injury or degeneration are a major clinical and scientific problem and result in significant healthcare costs. In recent years, the importance of cell therapies using mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for the treatment of orthopaedic disorders has greatly increased. Cell therapies can substitute or postpone other more invasive or less effective treatments (such as joint replacement by a prosthetic implant).
Both autologous and allogeneic cells have been administered to patients.